Aramaic

Dictionaries

 * Sokoloff, M. (2002). A Dictionary of Jewish Babylonian Aramaic. Ramat Gan: Bar Ilan University.

Grammatical descriptions

 * Epstein, J.N. (1960). A Grammar of Babylonian Aramaic. (in Hebrew). Magnes Press.
 * Levias, C. (1900). A Grammar of the Aramaic Idiom contained in the Babylonian Talmud. Cincinnati: The Bloch Publishing and Printing Company.
 * Margolis, M.M. (1910). A Manual of the Aramaic Language of the Babylonian Talmud. Munich: C.H. Beck.

Grammatical descriptions

 * Bar-Asher Siegal, Elitzur A. (2013). Introduction to the Grammar of Jewish Babylonian Aramaic. Ugarit-Verlag.
 * Bauer, H. and P. Leander (1927). Grammatik des Biblisch-Aramäischen. Halle an der Saale: Niemeyer.
 * Hug, V. (1993). Altaramäische Grammatik der Texte des 7. und 6. Jh.s v. Chr.. Heidelberger Orient-Verlag.
 * Johns, Alger F. (1963). A Short Grammar of Biblical Aramaic. Andrews University Press. Revised 1972.
 * Muraoka, T. and B. Porten (2003). A Grammar of Egyptian Aramaic. Brill Publishers.
 * Rosenthal, F. (2006). A Grammar of Biblical Aramaic. Otto Harrassowitz.

Grammatical descriptions

 * Jastrow, Otto (1994). Der neuaramäische Dialekt von Mlaḥsô. Otto Harrassowitz.
 * Prym, E. and A. Socin (1881). Der neu-aramaeische Dialekt des Ṭûr 'Abdîn. Göttingen: vandenhoeck and Ruprecht.
 * Ritter, H. (1990). Ṭuroyo. Die Volkssprache der syrischen Christen des Ṭūr عAbdîn. C: Grammatik. Stuttgart: Steiner.

Textbooks

 * Jastrow, Otto (1992). Lehrbuch der Ṭuroyo-Sprache. Otto Harrassowitz.

Dictionaries

 * Sokoloff, M. (2003). A Dictionary of Judean Aramaic. Bar Ilan University Press.

Grammatical descriptions

 * Cantineau, J. (1930). Le Nabatéen. Paris: Leroux.
 * Cantineau, J. (1935). Grammaire du palmyrénien épigraphique. Le Caire: Institut français d'archéologie orientale du Caire.
 * Cook, E.M. (1998). "The Aramaic of the Dead Sea Scrolls". In P.W. Flint and J.C. VanderKam ed. The Dead Sea Scrolls After Fifty Years I, pp. 359-378. Brill Publishers.
 * Fassberg, S.E. (2002). "Qumran Aramaic". Maarav 9, 19-31.
 * Muraoka, T. (2011). A Grammar of Qumran Aramaic. Peeters.
 * Rosenthal, F. (1936). Die Sprache der palmyrenischen Inschriften. Leipzig: Hinrichs.

Grammatical descriptions

 * Häberl, C.G. (2009). The Neo-Mandaic Dialect of Khorramshahr. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
 * Macuch, Rudolf (1965). Handbook of Classical and Modern Mandaic. Walter De Gruyter.
 * Nöldeke, Theodor (1875). Mandäische Grammatik.

Dictionaries

 * Garbell, Irene (1965). The Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Persian Azerbaijan.
 * Sabar, Yona (2002). A Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dictionary: Dialects of Amidya, Dihok, Nerwa and Zakho, Northwestern Iraq. Otto Harrassowitz.

Grammatical descriptions

 * Coghill, Eleanor (2003). The Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Alqosh. PhD dissertation, University of Cambridge.
 * Damsma, A. (2013). The Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Hassan. Gorgias Press.
 * Fassberg, Steven E. (2010). The Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Challa. Brill Publishers.
 * Fox, Samuel Ethan (1997). The Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Jilu. Otto Harrassowitz.
 * Fox, Samuel Ethan (2009). The Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Bohtan. Gorgias Press.
 * Garbell, Irene (2013). The Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Persian Azerbaijan. Mouton De Gruyter.
 * Greenblatt, Jared (2011). The Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Amədya. Brill Publishers.
 * Jastrow, Otto (1988). Der neuaramäische Dialekt von Hertevin (Provinz Siirt). Otto Harrassowitz.
 * Khan, Geoffrey (1999). A Grammar of Neo-Aramaic: The Dialect of the Jews of Arbel. Brill Publishers.
 * Khan, Geoffrey (2002). The Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Qaraqosh. Brill Publishers.
 * Khan, Geoffrey (2004). The Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Sulemaniyya and Ḥalabja. Brill Publishers.
 * Khan, Geoffrey (2008). The Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Urmi. Gorgias Press.
 * Khan, Geoffrey (2008). The Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Barwar. Brill Publishers.
 * Khan, Geoffrey (2009). The Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Sanandaj. Gorgias Press.
 * Krotkoff, Georg (1983). Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Kurdistan: Texts, Grammar, and Vocabulary. Eisenbraums.
 * Maclean, A.J. (1901). Grammar of the Dialects of Vernacular Syriac.
 * Mutzafi, Hezy (2000). "The Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Maha Khtaya D-Baz: Phonology, Morphology and Texts". Journal of Semitic Studies 45, Issue 2.
 * Mutzafi, Hezy (2004). The Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Koy Sanjaq (Iraqi Kurdistan). Otto Harrassowitz.
 * Mutzafi, Hezy (2008). The Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Betanure (Province of Dihok). Otto Harrassowitz.
 * Nöldeke, Theodor (1868). Grammatik der Neusyrischen Sprache. T.O. Weigel.
 * Stoddard, D.T. (1855). Grammar of the Modern Syriac Language as spoken in Oroomiah, Persia, and in Koordistan. American Oriental Society.
 * Talay, Shabo (2008). Die neuaramäischen Dialekte der Khabur-Assyrer in Nordostsyrien: Einführung, Phonologie und Morphologie. Otto Harrassowitz.

Grammatical descriptions

 * Degen, R. (1969). Altaramäischen Grammatik der Inschriften des 10-8 Jh. v. Chr.. Wiesbaden: Steiner.

Dictionaries

 * Sokoloff, M. (2002). A Dictionary of Jewish Palestinian Aramaic. Ramat Gan and Baltimore: Bar Ilan and Johns Hopkins.
 * Tal, A. (2000). A Dictionary of Samaritan Aramaic. Brill Publishers.

Grammatical descriptions

 * Dalman, G. (1894). Grammatik des jüdisch-palästinischen Aramäisch. 2. Aufl. Leipzig: Hinrichs.
 * Fassberg, S. (1991). A Grammar of the Palestinian Targum Fragments from the Cairo Geniza. Atlanta: Scholars Press.
 * Golomb, David M. (1985). A Grammar of Targum Neofiti. Harvard Semitic Museum: Harvard Semitic Monographs 34. Scholars Press.
 * Kutscher, E.Y. (1958). "The Language of the 'Genesis Apocryphon.' A Preliminary Study." Scripta Hierosolymitana 4: 1-35.
 * Kutscher, E.Y. (1976). Studies in Galilean Aramaic. trans. M. Sokoloff. Ramat Gan: Bar Ilan University.
 * Levias, Caspar (1987). Grammar of Galilean Aramaic. In Hebrew. KTAV Publishing House.
 * Levy, B. Barry (1974). The Language of Neophyti 1: Descriptive and Comparative Grammar of the Palestinian Targum. PhD dissertation, New York University.
 * Macuch, R. (1982). Grammatik des samaritanischen Aramïische. De Gruyter.
 * Marshall, J.T. (1929). Manual of the Aramaic Language of the Palestinian Talmud. Leiden.
 * Müller-Kessler, C. (1991). Grammatik des Christlich-Palästinisch-Aramäischen. Hildescheim: G. Olms.
 * Nicholls, G.F. (1858). A Grammar of the Samaritan Language. London: Samuel Bagster and Sons.
 * Odeberg, Hugo (1939). The Aramaic portions of Bereshit rabba with grammar of Galilæan Aramaic. Otto Harrassowitz.
 * Schultheß, F. (1924). Grammatik des christlich-palästinischen Aramäisch. Tübingen: J.C.B. Mohr.
 * Stevenson, Wm. B. (1924). Grammar of Palestinian Jewish Aramaic. Clarendon Press.

Textbooks

 * Lambdin, Thomas O. (2002). An Introduction to the Aramaic of Targum Onqelos. Revised by John Huehnergard. Unpublished.

Dictionaries

 * Smith, J. Payne (1903). A Compendious Syriac Dictionary. Clarendon Press.

Grammatical descriptions

 * Muraoka, Takamitsu (2005). Classical Syriac: A Basic Grammar with a Chrestomathy. Otto Harrassowitz.
 * Nöldeke, Theodor (1904). Compendious Syriac Grammar. London: Williams & Norgate.

Textbooks

 * Thackston, Wheeler M. (1999). Introduction to Syriac. IBEX Publishers.

Dictionaries

 * Bergsträsser, G. (1921). Glossar des neuaramäischen Dialekts von Maʿlūla. Leipzig: Brockhaus.

Grammatical descriptions

 * Arnold, Werner (1990). Das Neuwestaramäische. V. Grammatik. Wiesbaden.
 * Parisot, M. (1898). "Le Dialecte de Maʽlula. Grammaire, Vocabulaire et Textes". Journal Asiatique, 9. ser., 5. 11-12.
 * Spitaler, A. (1938). Grammatik des neuaramäischen Dialekts von Maʿlula (Antilibanon). Leipzig: Brockhaus.

Textbooks

 * Arnold, Werner (2006). Lehrbuch des Neuwestaramäischen. Otto Harrassowitz.